A map of Brisbane 1881

One of the ‘benefits’ of being in lockdown has been taking the opportunity to sort some of my photos.  One of the photos was an image of a map portion of Brisbane produced for a supplement of the July Edition of the Illustrated Sydney News, taken in a boarding house in Spring Hill. Attached to the map was a comment scribbled on masking tape saying ‘taken from a balloon’.  My photo was merely a prompt to go and find the map in Trove. Two years later I followed the prompt. I found the relevant edition but ... the map was missing, i.e. the Trove edition did not include a copy of the supplement.  But as it turns out courtesy of the State Library of Queensland, the item does appear in Google Arts and Culture [here is the link].  It is amazing. I think it would make a great jigsaw.

For people who know Brisbane it is fascinating to zoom in and identify extant buildings, and in some cases sites which no longer exist. The layout of the streets is very similar to the layout used today.  Illustrated Sydney News produced a key map to the illustration in their July 1881 Edition, see below, and further below a similar view from the current (April 2020) version of Google Earth.

Here are some suggestions for what to look for on the 1881 illustration (consider this a cartographers version of ‘Where’s Wally?’). Use the link not the picture!

• The Commissariat Stores
• The dry dock, now the Maritime Museum
• The site of the Old Gaol, now the Barracks Precinct
• The following churches
• St John's Anglican
• St Stephen's Catholic
• All Saints, Wickham Tce
• Christ Church, Milton
• The Botanic Gardens and its associated heritage buildings
• The Legislative Building
• Government House
• Ipswich Road on Kangaroo Point
• Roma Street Railway Station
• See why Wharf Street is so named
• Can you find a big top tent?

The wharves on Wharf St, detail from the map.

In the remainder of this post I include the transcript of the accompanying two articles from the Illustrated Sydney News and New South Wales Agriculturalist and Grazier (NSW : 1872 - 1881), Saturday 9 July 1881 edition and any relevant illustrations from the same edition. The author clearly had a positive spin on the city.

Bird's-eye View of Brisbane. (page 2) 

MR. ANTHONY TROLLOPE has described Brisbane as being a commodious town very prettily situated on the Brisbane River, with Courts of Justice, Houses of Parliament, a Governor's residence, Public Gardens, and all the requirements of a capital for a fine and independent colony. This, while accurate so far as it goes, hardly conveys an adequate idea of the true character of the busy and thriving capital of Queensland, which is far better known to Englishmen from the numerous letters received from those who have left their olden homes to seek their fortune in the bright, sunny lands of the Southern Hemisphere, than from the smartly written narratives of travellers, who, how-ever clever with the pen, have not given themselves sufficient time to become properly acquainted with the real characteristics and prospects of Colonial enterprise, as manifested by the almost marvellous rise and growth of Brisbane. The City is far larger and possesses considerably greater commercial and industrial importance than those who are not familiar with its leading features and the extent of its trade are aware. In many respects, the site is happily chosen, despite the obstacles which at present impede the navigation of the river by large vessels. We say "at present" because when the dredging operations now in progress are completed, vessels drawing 25 feet will be enabled to ascend the river to the city wharves. For some years the growth of Brisbane was comparatively slow, but with the erection of the Moreton Bay district into a separate and independent colony, under the name of Queensland, and the establishment of the seat of Government at Brisbane, a remarkable change took place. The circumstance of the colonists having become entrusted with the management of their own affairs, appears to have infused increased spirit and determination into everything they undertook, and with the increase of population and wealth, Brisbane speedily began to take rank as a leading Colonial City. 

During the last few years its progress has been most rapid, and in all directions the mass of dwellings is extending much in the same fashion as at Sydney, although the demand for building land has not reached anything like the proportions of that in the older capital. Brisbane is divided into four portions -- North Brisbane, South Brisbane, Kangaroo Point, and Fortitude Valley ; it also forms three electorates -- North Brisbane and South Brisbane, each returning two members ; and Fortitude Valley, one member. The present population of the city is estimated at over 34,000, and the number is rapidly increasing. The city occupies an area of 2,138 acres, the rateable value of the house property being estimated at more than one and a half millions sterling -- the actual value being considerably in excess of two millions. The city was incorporated September 7, 1859, so that its civic existence does not extend over a period of more than 22 years. As shewn in our view the streets are broad and well-laid out, afford not only every accommodation for passenger and vehicular traffic, but also furnishing abundance of light and air, thereby assisting largely in increasing the natural healthiness of the city. The six principal thoroughfares are Ann, Adelaide, Queen, Elizabeth, Charlotte, and Mary Streets. Of these Queen Street is to Brisbane what George Street is to Sydney or Bourke or Collins Streets to Melbourne. The principal intersecting thoroughfares are William, George, Albert, Edward, Creek, and Wharf Streets. The length of street in all is 58 miles, with over 4,000 dwellings. There are 32 churches and chapels, as follows : Episcopal, 7 ; Wesleyan, 3 ; Baptist, 4 ; Congregational, 3 ; other denominations, 15. The Cathedral Church is St. John's Church, in William Street, by the river side, not far from the Victoria Bridge. Adjoining the church is a lofty frame-work of wood, intended as a bell-tower, containing a peal of eight bells. The Presbyterian Church, in Creek Street, is a fine building, and having a spire 120 feet high, forms a conspicuous object almost in the centre of our view. The Town Hall is in Queen Street, and is largely used for public meetings and other purposes. In the same thoroughfare is the Post Office, which, together with the central Telegraph Office, forms a noble range of buildings. Among the other public edifices, most of which form prominent features in our view, may be mentioned Government House, situated in the Government Domain, adjoining the Botanical Gardens ; the Houses of Legislature, in George Street, near the entrance to the Government Domain ; the Government Printing Office, the New Museum, the Custom House, the Masonic Hall, Temperance Hall, and the School of Arts. 

There are numerous banksand wholesale business establishments, many occupying premises possessing considerable architectural pretension. Among the latter may be mentioned the establishments of Messrs. Hoffnung & Co., and Messrs. Elliott Brothers, which are alluded to elsewhere. The Victoria iron bridge, which, as will be seen on reference to our view, connects North and South Brisbane, is on the lattice-girder principle, with swing openings to admit the passage of ships. It was designed by Robinson and I'Anson, of Darlington ; the iron work was manufactured by Peto, Brassey, and Betts, of Birkenhead ; and it was erected under the engineership of the late Thomas Oldham and subsequently of J. R. Jones. It was commenced in 1863, and was opened with some ceremony by the Marquis of Normanby on June 15th, 1874. Its completion was delayed for some time through an alteration in the plans. Its entire length is 1,080 feet, length between abutments on shores 1,013 feet. It is divided into 13 spans, nine being of 82 feet, two of 52 feet 6 inches, and a double-armed swing span of 170 feet. The piers are a double column of cast iron cylinders, supporting lattice girders 9 feet in depth, which, to allow of expansion and contraction, rest on rollers 6 inches in diameter. The roadway between the girders is 30 feet clear, footways of 6 feet, protected by light lattice ironwork hand-railing, being carried on each side of the outside girders by cantalivers. The weight of iron used was -- cast iron, 1,190 tons ; wrought, 911 tons, making a total of 2,100 tons. The bridge has a gradient of 1 in 90, and the swing when open affords two passages of 60½ feet clear width. 

Brisbane abounds with educational, charitable, and other institutions, and the means of physical recreation are afforded by handsome promenades along the upper banks of the river, the Botanic Gardens, the Queen's Park, &c. The elevated position of the city, from 50 to 100 feet above the sea-level, conduces largely to its general healthiness, which will become increased when the new thorough system of drainage becomes completed. There is an abundant supply of good water, from a large artificial lake in the ranges near the Heads of the Enoggera Creek, seven miles distance from the city, whence it is conveyed by a double service of pipes into smaller pipes that reticulate all parts of the city. The area of the watershed is about 7,000 acres, and the storage capacity of water, one thousand million gallons. Brisbane forms the terminus of the Southern and Western Railway ; the station, which is shown in our view, is one of the most tastefully designed and commodious in Australia, but, like that in Sydney, possesses the defect of being situated at a distance from the business centre of the city. Brisbane is well supplied with public conveyances, by means of which almost every part of the city and suburbs are cheaply and easily accessible. South Brisbane, which is to North Brisbane something like what the North Shore is to Sydney, is rapidly becoming a mass of spacious streets and buildings, the chief means of inter-communication between the two portions of the city being the Victoria Bridge. The extension of Brisbane backward from the river has been much hindered by the hilly nature of the ground, which has caused the formation of new roads and streets to be attended by considerable expense and labour. One marked characteristic of the population is its generally healthy appearance, and the absence of aged features. In fact, the people of the city represent more largely than those in the older capitals the large and never-ceasing infusion of fresh blood from England -- a circumstance which explains the English tone of feeling which everywhere is found manifesting itself. It is generally assumed that a warm climate produces an enervating effect upon the inhabitants ; but there is nothing of this observable in Brisbane, for the activity and unwearied enterprise of the citizens is apparent to the most superficial, and the business-like manner in which city improvements are effected might be studied with advantage by the members of the City municipality. Brisbane and its people are worthy of each other : a fine, rising city, inhabited by a young, busy, thriving, and successful population.

Brisbane Business Establishments (page 3) 

MESSRS. S. HOFFNUNG & Co., CHARLOTTE ST.
The fine building lately erected in Charlotte Street, Brisbane, by the enterprising firm of Messrs. S. Hoffnung and Co., consists of five storeys, each storey being lofty and well lighted. The approach to each floor being by bold and spacious stairs of cedar. The design and treatment forms a feature of attraction. The ground floor has a spacious entrance from the street at each end of the building ; the extensive warehouses in the rear being reached, by means of covered passages, from the ground and first floors of the new edifice, the whole forming a large and commodious block of buildings adapted in every respect for the extensive business requirements of the firm. The facade of the new building forms the principal architectural feature of Charlotte Street, and the structure may fairly be regarded as the most hand-some of its kind devoted to commercial purposes in Brisbane, the design being a free treatment of Italian, beautifully proportioned, and effectively broken up into bays by rich foliated piers. The floors are marked by well designed strings with enriched blockings broken around piers, producing a fine effect of light and shade; the entrances being bold and striking. The whole of the details are beautifully balanced, and the entire exterior forms a piece of architecture worthy of admiration, reflecting great credit to the architect, Mr. Thomas Rowe, of Sydney. The building has been faithfully erected by Mr. Doorey, contractor, under the superintendence of Mr. John Hall, architect, both of Brisbane.

MESSRS. ELLIOTT BROTHERS, EAGLE STREET.
The history of the business of Messrs. Elliott Brothers, the well known importers and dealers in drugs, chemicals, and sundries, of Sydney and Brisbane, is eminently characteristic of Colonial commercial enterprise. The business was first established in Sydney by Messrs. Youngman and Co. in 1844. Ten years later that firm started a similar business in Melbourne, the growth of which proved so rapid that, five years later, in 1859, they disposed of the Sydney concern to Messrs. Elliott Brothers, by whom it has since been conducted with great success. The rising importance of Queensland induced Messrs. Elliott Brothers to form a branch house at Brisbane, where there appeared to exist a reasonable chance of laying the foundations of a good business. Their expectations have been fully realized, and at the premises in Eagle Street, of which we furnish an illustration, the amount of trade done during the last five years shows that Messrs. Elliott Brothers acted wisely in selecting that city as the scene of their additional business operations, forming, as it does, a point from whence continual communication is maintained with the North and North-Eastern districts of Australia.

OFFICES OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUTUAL PROVIDENT SOCIETY, QUEEN STREET.
Our illustration gives a fine view of the Queensland branch office of this society. This edifice, which was erected in 1879 to meet the requirements of the Society's rapidly increasing Queensland business, is an imposing structure, the whole of the front being constructed of the finest ashlar stone, specially imported from the Pyrmont quarries. The entrance is in Union Street, and the ground floor is utilized for the business of the Society, while the basement and first floors are available for letting. The building is, perhaps, the most imposing in the first business street of the city of Brisbane, and reflects great credit on the architect and contractor, Messrs. Cowlishaw and Holmes. The progress of the Mutual Provident Society has been unparalleled in its rapidity. Though only 32 years of age, and confining its efforts for business exclusively to the Australian colonies, it has for several years been transacting an amount of new business largely in excess of that of any other office in the British Empire. On the 31st December last the society had in force 43,206 policies, assuring upwards of £16,000,000 sterling, with an annual income from all sources of £760,000. The accumulated funds have reached the imposing amount of £3,379,510, and the office has already divided nearly £1,000,000 sterling in cash bonuses with policyholders.

Death of Hector Vasyli - 1918

On the remaining abutment of the old Victoria Bridge, Brisbane, is a memorial to a young boy, Hector Vasyli.  In this post I will describe the life and the event that inspired a memorial. The memorial and the retention of the bridge portion are clearly intertwined. The Heritage Register makes the following observation:

The Victoria Bridge Abutment has a high social value for the Greek community of Brisbane, containing as it does, the memorial to Hector Vasyli, a young Greek Australian boy who died while demonstrating his loyalty to his adopted homeland. This association is further demonstrated by the role of the Greek community in ensuring that this portion of the bridge was retained to provide a fitting location for the memorial plaque erected in the memory of the Vasyli boy and the continued practice of conducting a memorial service for the boy each Anzac Day. [1]

Hector Vasyli Memorial
Photograph by Simon Hamlet, April 2017

This article from The Telegraph is perhaps the best coverage of the event.

BOY KILLED BY MOTOR CAR ACCIDENT, CLOSE TO VICTORIA BRIDGE.

The hundreds of people who awaited the procession of motor cars conveying the returned soldiers at the gates of the Military Hospital at Kangaroo Point last evening speculated a good deal about the reason for the considerable interval which passed between the arrival of about half the cars and the remainder, and it was not until later in the evening, that it transpired that the delay was due to a tragic accident close to Victoria Bridge, by which a schoolboy, Hector Vasyli, whose parents keep an oyster saloon in Melbourne-street, South Brisbane, lost his life.
The cars with the soldiers reached the top of Queen-street shortly before 6 o'clock, the procession being made up of more than 60 vehicles, and with the object of watching it pass, and of welcoming the men home, four or five lads, of whom deceased was one, stationed themselves on the side of the bridge; One of the cars in the lead had to slow down, and behind it was approaching a car driven by Mr. W. J. Jackson, (produce merchant) who had with him several of the returned men. To avoid the threatened collision with the car ahead, Mr. Jackson swerved his car to the left and the vehicle struck the boy Vasyli (who was 11 years of age), and knocked him down.
That Mr Jackson had perfect control of the car at the time is evident from the fact that he pulled it up within its own length as soon as he realised that an accident had occurred. The boy was picked up and driven by Mr Jackson with all speed to the St Helen's Hospital. As medical assistance was not immediately obtainable there, Mr Jackson took the wisest course he could under the circumstances, and motored the lad to the Mater Misericordiae Public Hospital where it was found that he had already succumbed to the injuries sustained. An examination of the body disclosed that the skull was fractured and that there was a compound fracture of the right arm in addition to minor injures. The tragic occurrence was quite unavoidable, and Mr. Jackson, from first to last, did everything possible to avert the fatal consequences of the mishap. The Ambulance Brigade quickly answered a summons for aid. [2]

Later sources provide other details regarding the incident. Given their chronological distance from the event they should perhaps be disregarded, but I include them here for the reader’s interest. Certainly they provide some reason why the boy would be so close to edge of the road.

A 1941 piece in The Truth says:

A bunch of flowers; was thrown towards him from one of the cars and fell in the roadway. Little Hec. rushed to pick it up; at the same moment, an old lady moved across the road from the other side. One of the cars swerved to avoid the woman, hit the boy, threw him against the iron bridge railings. [3]

A 1941 article in The Telegraph says:

He would spend all his money on cigarettes and sweets for the troops, and toss them into the cars as they passed. Once, however, when a packet of cigarettes fell outside a car, Hector ran to pick it up, and a following car was unable to stop in time, resulting in the accident which caused his death [4].

Hector’s funeral was held on 11th June and consisted of two graveside services, one in English, conducted by Rev. F. M. Nightingale, and a second service in Greek, conducted by Mr Christy Freeleagus.  The cortege proceeded from Melbourne Street, South Brisbane to the Toowong Cemetery, with students of his school acting as pall-bearers.  The Brisbane Courier’s report of the event lists the names on 59 wreaths [5].

A visit to the Toowong Cemetery reveals a once unmarked grave, that now has a brass plaque to mark the site.  One is left to reflect how apt it is that a boy who saved pennies to bless soldiers, now lies in an ‘unmarked’ grave with a view of war veteran graves immediately to the west of him... posthumously deferring his ‘needs’ for the honour of the returning servicemen.

Hector Vasyli's grave at the Toowong Cemetery.
Photograph by Simon Hamlet April 2017

After attending the funeral a returned serviceman, T. C. Owens,  writes to the paper in praise of the young boy.  Owens had a son, Wilbur, who was a playmate to Hector [6].

HECTOR VASYLI

Mr T. C. Owens, a returned soldier, writes as follows from Thompson Estate:
Sir. - I would like to make some reference to the dear little boy Hector Vasyli who was killed on Sunday while welcoming home our brave boys. This lad made it a rule to save his money to buy presents for the returned soldiers, and when they arrived it was his custom to wait for them and to throw the presents to them as they passed. This little silent worker it is sad to say met his end on such a good hearted mission. I have known the boy for some considerable time, and his good heart and honourable principles compel me to write this, because the returned soldiers have lost a good little friend. His ways are a lesson to many older than himself. The respect, shown to this dear boy and his parents to-day at the funeral was something never to be forgotten. I am sure the public of Brisbane and returned soldiers will with me enter in tendering our deepest sympathy to his parents in the sad loss of their dear boy Hector. [7]

Tributes from a writer to The Daily, who goes by the pen name 'Veritas', provide even more cause for admiring the deceased boy.

HECTOR VASYLI

To the Editor.
Sir — Allow me to give a few comments about the life and sudden death of little Hector Vasyli. An interview with his people, which touched my heart, convinced me that this little boy was an example of Christianity and self-denial, of love and obedience to his parents, of patriotism to his country, and its brave soldiers, and he, therefore, has taught a lesson to old and young. He was an example of Christianity and self-denial, because, although young, he devoted his Sunday to the heavenly things instead of spending his time in idleness and earthly amusements, and he did every Sunday his worshipping in the Anzac Church, where he was on altar boy. As you know, he went to welcome the returning heroes. He showed Christianity and patriotism by his deeds. He had friends amongst yellow, black, and brown people, and a little black boy was his most devoted and affectionate friend. At his coffin tears were shed by white and coloured people. Many an old invalid got some food from him at the back of the premises, and many poor souls blessed the little hand of this good-hearted dear boy.
His patriotism to his country and its brave soldiers was a great example in deed. He did his bit for every patriotic fund, collected money, sold badges, and the Anzac Church was the base of his operations. There were his little hands working in the interests of our soldiers, to make their return to home sweet for them. He saved every penny, not to buy sweets for himself, but packets of cigarettes for our returning heroes, and on that fatal Sunday he had four packets of cigarettes and a bundle of wattle, and stood there, waiting for the soldiers to show them his respect and affection. He would have loved to buy a football, but instead of saving his pennies for that purpose he spent them in the soldiers interests.
Hector Vasyli has taught us all a lesson. Let everybody ask himself now: "What have I done for my country?" Little Hector did what he could. He did his bit for the Empire, and we should not forgot this little lad. We should honor his memory. I would like to see a bronze plate on the Victoria Bridge, on the very spot where he fell in doing his noble work, a bronze plate, mentioning his name and the tragic circumstances of his sudden death. Should the board offer objection the Anzac Church would undoubtedly have nothing against placing the plate in that building, or it could be placed in the school which Hector attended. I would like also the school teachers to plant a weeping fig trees in the school yard. And I am sure that Mr. T. C. H. Owens, returned soldier, Cornwall and Barrow streets, Thompson Estate, South Brisbane, whose little son was a playmate of Hector Vasyli, will be only too glad to receive gifts for that purpose.
Yours, etc.
VERITAS [8]

The same Veritas organises for a public planting of a weeping fig tree in Hector’s honour at his school on 10 July [9].  At least 23 years later the tree was still alive and flourishing [10].

Veritas’ letter also set in motion the process of gaining a plaque by which to remember the much loved boy.

In consequence of the letter by "Veritas," published in "The Daily Mail," regarding the death of Hector Vasyli, a meeting will be held in the Anzac Club, Charlotte-street, tomorrow, at 8 p.m., to form a committee for the purpose of erecting a suitable memorial. A number of prominent citizens and public ladies have been invited. In the afternoon a memorial tree will be planted by his teachers in the yard of the Merivale-street State School, South Brisbane. [11]

At the first meeting a decision was made that should sufficient funds be available, a plaque would also be placed in St Luke’s Church (now the Pancake Manor) and the Greek Church [12]. The Daily Mail of 13 August 1918, details subscriptions to the value of £53 13s [13]. A visit to the Pancake Manor did not reveal any plaque at that location, and from what I can tell the Greek Church in Charlotte Street, to which The Telegraph refers, has been demolished.

The memorial was initially scheduled for an unveiling on 17 October, but faced delays due to indecision on the part of the Victoria Bridge Board [14]. Permission was granted at a meeting of the board on 19 November 1918, with the unveiling taking place on 8 December 1918 [15]. The unveiling ceremony was preceded by a march from the Post Office consisting of returned servicemen, The Returned Sailors and Soldiers Association and members of the Baden Powell Boy Scouts, the Hellenic Association, as well as the Anglican Mission [16]. About 1,000 people attended the service [17].

In 1966 the plaque was removed during the demolition of the old Victoria Bridge, but it was returned to the site in 1970 [18].

The original medallion for the plaque was made by Daphne Mayo [19], whom QAGOMA describes as “one of Queensland's most significant twentieth century artists.” People familiar with Brisbane will have seen her work, perhaps most obviously as the frieze on the Town Hall.  She also produced the Women’s memorial in ANZAC Square [20].

Daphne Mayo's frieze above the entrance to Brisbane Town Hall.
Composite photograph by Simon Hamlet, August 2016.

This medallion was lost or stolen and a replacement created based on a photograph retrieved from Hector's sister who was tracked down as a patient in a Sydney hospital; it was the only photo she had of her brother [21]. I assume it is the image below.

Portrait of Hector Vasyli by unidentified photographer.
John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland.

Original medallion as recorded in a publication held in the John Oxley donated by Mr Freeleagus.

Replacement, and current, medallion on the Hector Vasyli Memorial.
Photograph by Simon Hamlet, April 2017

My closing thoughts are that little Hector's selfless life has given him eternal youth. He will always be remembered as an eleven year old boy, nearly a century after his death.  Age shall not weary him.

References

[1]  Queensland Government (2016). Former Victoria Bridge Abutment.  Retrieved April 10, 2017, from https://environment.ehp.qld.gov.au/heritage-register/detail/?id=600303
[2] BOY KILLED BY MOTOR CAR. (1918, June 10). The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933), p. 6. Retrieved April 1, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20230566
[3] HE'S NOT FORGOTTEN (1941, August 24). Truth (Brisbane, Qld. : 1900 - 1954), p. 26. Retrieved April 4, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article203200717
[4] Wreath Placed on Memorial to Brave Greek Boy (1941, April 25). The Telegraph (Brisbane, Qld. : 1872 - 1947), p. 5 (CITY FINAL LAST MINUTE NEWS). Retrieved April 4, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article186601800
[5] PERSONAL. (1918, June 12). The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933), p. 11. Retrieved April 5, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20230872
[6] SUNDAY'S FATAL ACCIDENT. (1918, June 14). The Telegraph (Brisbane, Qld. : 1872 - 1947), p. 3. Retrieved April 6, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article175205249
[7] Hector Vasyli. (1918, June 13). The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933), p. 6. Retrieved April 1, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20231149
[8] HECTOR VASYL[?]. (1918, June 21). The Daily Mail (Brisbane, Qld. : 1903 - 1926), p. 7. Retrieved April 1, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article215432953
[9] Advertising (1918, July 8). The Telegraph (Brisbane, Qld. : 1872 - 1947), p. 7 (SECOND EDITION). Retrieved April 1, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article177058701
[10] HE'S NOT FORGOTTEN (1941, August 24). Truth (Brisbane, Qld. : 1900 - 1954), p. 26. Retrieved April 4, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article203200717
[11] FOR WOMEN. (1918, July 9). The Daily Mail (Brisbane, Qld. : 1903 - 1926), p. 2. Retrieved April 5, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article215433384
[12] HECTOR VASYLI MEMORIAL. (1918, July 11). The Telegraph (Brisbane, Qld. : 1872 - 1947), p. 2 (SECOND EDITION). Retrieved April 6, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article177062554
[13] SOLDIERS AND POLITICS (1918, August 13). The Daily Mail (Brisbane, Qld. : 1903 - 1926), p. 6. Retrieved April 6, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article215428189
[14] HECTOR VASYLI MEMORIAL. (1918, November 16). The Telegraph (Brisbane, Qld. : 1872 - 1947), p. 5. Retrieved April 6, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article179046927
[15] Victoria Bridge Board. (1918, November 20). The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933), p. 4. Retrieved April 6, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20258593
[16] Hector Vasyli Memorial. (1918, December 3). The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933), p. 6. Retrieved April 6, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20252353
[17] VASYLI MEMORIAL. (1918, December 9). The Telegraph (Brisbane, Qld. : 1872 - 1947), p. 5 (SECOND EDITION). Retrieved April 6, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article179048639
[18] Joint Committee for the Commemoration of the Battle of Crete and the Greek Campaign (2017) 1918. Retrieved April 10, 2017 from https://www.anzacsofgreece.org/en/milestones-1899-2016/1741-1918  
[19] A Queensland Artist (1918, November 21). Worker (Brisbane, Qld. : 1890 - 1955), p. 9. Retrieved April 10, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article72189334
[20] McKay, J. ( 2011) A sculpture’s legacy.  Time and Place Vol 26 pp 4-5. Retrieved April 2, 2017 from http://www.qldheritage.org.au/assets/files/time-and-place/time-and-place-26.pdf
[21] COMPACT (1973, November 21). The Australian Women's Weekly (1933 - 1982), p. 41. Retrieved April 10, 2017, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47228843